domino sugar factory history

[37] Raw sugar was first unloaded from piers along the East River, and mixed with water within the filter house. From Manhattan, take the Roebling Street / Broadway West exit off the Williamsburg Bridge. That deal required Two Trees to include 700 below-market-rate units, which was 40 more than what was originally offered and 260 more than what the CPC wanted. [127] The facade is made of precast concrete, which the architects stated is based on sugar crystals' molecular structure. Architect Vishaan Chakrabarti takes us through the redesign of the former Domino Sugar Refinery building located in Williamsburg, BK. The exhibition is open through July 6, Fridays 4-8 pm, Saturdays and Sundays noon to 6. [139], This article is about the former refinery in New York. [124][125], The 45-story One South First tower (also known as 260 Kent Avenue[126]) and the 24-story Ten Grand tower are located between South 1st and South 2nd streets, north of the Pan, Filter, and Finishing House on the western side of Kent Avenue. [9] As part of the project, the 300-foot (91 m) dock was replaced with a 500-foot (150 m) bulkhead, and a new boiler house was erected, as well as a warehouse that could store 25,000 long tons (28,000 short tons; 25,000 t) of sugar. The company was known as W. & F.C. Until 2004, one of those buildings housed a refinery for Domino sugar. [105][122] The entire complex will eventually contain five residential buildings and cost $3 billion. Tours, Factory Tours. The Domino Sugar factory is now the site of one of Williamsburg’s most popular parks and a towering condominium complex, but it was once the world’s largest sugar refinery. [120][121], The Domino Sugar Refinery site spans 11 acres (4.5 ha) on the East River north of the Williamsburg Bridge. Baltimore, MD, USA. The first commercial building at the Domino Sugar Factory site in Williamsburg officially launched leasing this week. © 1974-2020 Creative Time, Inc. All Rights Reserved. By … As of 2020[update], the refinery redevelopment consists of three completed towers; the Filter, Pan, and Finishing House; and a waterside park called Domino Park. With the redevelopment of the Domino Sugar Factory, Two Trees Management is creating a spectacular, 11-acre, mixed-use community just north of the Williamsburg Bridge. The Domino Sugar Refinery is a mixed-use development and former sugar refinery in the neighborhood of Williamsburg in Brooklyn, New York City, along the East River. [68][69] When the strike started, Domino reduced operations at the refinery, performing much of the refining at its Baltimore plant before shipping it to Brooklyn for finishing. [40] The refinery also used large amounts of fresh water: in 1903, it was estimated that the refinery alone used two percent of Brooklyn's water supply. [41] Research and development activities were relocated in 1958 to American Sugar's Philadelphia facility. [27] The Pan, Filter, and Finishing House is located between South 2nd and South 3rd streets. [41], The work conditions at the refinery were described as onerous, and the workers were poorly paid, despite working shifts of at least ten hours per day. Still, though: The Domino Sugar Factory was an essential employer for the area and largely responsible for the development of Williamsburg over the years, decades, and centuries. About Domino Sugar Factory Redevelopment Plan. [13], Several other refineries were subsequently built in Williamsburg, creating the world's largest sugar-refining center at that time. [90] The new plan called for 60% more public open space on a new street grid, allowed mixed-use zoning, and was designed to connect the existing neighborhood to the new 0.25 mi (400 m) waterfront. Built in 1856 by the Havemeyer family, it was the first of dozens of sugar refineries that contributed to the area’s emergence in the nineteenth century as the industrial center of the Port of New York. The “old buildings,” such as the Domino Sugar factory, housed manufacturing jobs for Williamsburg’s working class for many decades, and as globalization rose and jobs were exported overseas, these factories were shut down, leading to lots of empty space throughout Williamsburg. The structures were designed by Cookfox. Domino Foods, Inc. (also known as DFI and formerly known as W. & F.C. [9][13] During 1863 and 1865, the Havemeyers bought two lots between South 2nd and South 4th streets for expansion of the facility. [104] A yellow "Domino Sugar" sign, dating from the 1920s,[57] was hung on one of the buildings facing the waterfront; it is planned to be reinstalled on the Pan, Filter, and Finishing House. At the time, the plant had an annual payroll of $3.5 million and manufactured 70,000 long tons (78,000 short tons; 71,000 t) of sugar per year. For Now, They Burn Sage", "Kara Walker Creates a Confection at the Domino Refinery", "See the Destruction of the Domino Sugar Factory", "Demolition of the Domino Sugar Refinery is Almost Complete", "Domino Destructoporn: Old Sugar Refinery Demolition Almost Done", "325 Kent Avenue Opens As First Building of Two Trees' Domino Redevelopment, Williamsburg", "Relics of the Domino Sugar Refinery, Frozen in Time and Syrup", "Brooklyn's waterfront future starts with Domino Sugar site", "87,000 People Applied For Affordable Apartments At The Domino Sugar Factory", "87,000 People Applied for 104 Subsidized Apartments at Domino Development", "First Project In Former Domino Sugar Site, 325 Kent, Offers New Luxury Rentals in South Williamsburg", "Rental Building Rises on Domino Sugar Site", "Oooh, Domino! About Domino Sugar. [103] Two Trees also cleaned out the Pan, Filter, and Finishing House, which still contained its old sugar-refining machinery. [27][31][131] It was described upon its completion as being the largest sugar refinery in the Americas. [26] The rebuilding was funded in part by insurance money and the sale of assets. [52] American Sugar also proposed closing the five short dead-end streets between Grand and South Fifth streets, in order to have full control of the land that comprised the refinery, but withdrew its application following local opposition. [111][124], The lower portion of the facade is made of copper, while the upper portion consists of zinc. [39][134] The chimney was among the region's tallest when the Pan, Filter, and Finishing House was built. The same thing happened in 2007 when another explosion rocked New Yorkers once again. Help For The Holidays. Fast forward to today: In the near future, the 30,000-square-foot facility, which stopped production in 2004, will likely be demolished to make way for a shiny crop of new condos, designed to … [63], The Amstar brand was purchased by British firm Tate & Lyle in 1988. Designed by the architectural firm of James Corner, the public park includes pieces of machinery from the factory, as well as gardens, a play area for children, and various fields. [101][102] Excavation for the first building in the complex, 325 Kent Avenue, started in May 2015. [42] According to a 1900 Brooklyn Daily Eagle article, workers were employed for at least eight years on average, and many workers either lived near Kent Avenue or took trolley lines to the refinery. [64][65] Three years later, Amstar became known as Domino Sugar, after its primary trademark. [77][89], Two Trees submitted a new design plan for the site in 2013, designed by SHoP Architects. [32][33] The Sugar Trust was reorganized into the American Sugar Refining Company in 1891 after the previous year's passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act; prior to reorganization, the trust had controlled 98% of the United States' sugar production. [41] After union workers' contracts expired in late 1998, Tate & Lyle announced upgrades to the refinery that would eliminate 100 jobs and weaken union guarantees. [26][27][d] Two people were variously cited as being the contractor: a building application in November 1881 mentions Thomas Winslow and J. E. James as the builders, while a subsequent application in March 1882 states that Havemeyer and James were co-architects. But this spring she was asked to fill a warehouse — the abandoned Domino Sugar factory in New York. [103][111] 325 Kent Avenue has 382,750 square feet (35,559 m2) of residential space and 9,370 square feet (871 m2) of ground-floor retail space. The highly recognizable “Domino Sugar” sign was added the 1950s, transforming the 90,000-square-foot complex into a true New York City landmark. [41][g], In 1926, American Sugar commenced a large renovation of the plant. [77] Following a wide-ranging rezoning of the north Brooklyn waterfront the next year, preservationists lobbied to save the Domino Sugar Refinery and other industrial structures on the waterfront. [53] The company also assumed space at 120 Wall Street in Manhattan's Financial District in 1930, using that space for its offices. The Domino Sugar Baltimore Refinery employs 485 people and supports an additional 125 local jobs. For other sites, see, The refinery seen in 2012; the filter, pan, and finishing house (left) is still standing, while ancillary structures (right) have been demolished. [132] The building is located between South 2nd and South 3rd streets. [118][119] The first office tenant at Ten Grand signed a lease for space in that building in December 2019. [33][34] An account of the plant's operation in 1894 stated that the plant was "the largest of its kind in the world" with seven buildings on 0.25 square miles (0.65 km2) of land; the refinery employed 3,000 workers and utilized 800 short tons (710 long tons; 730 t) of coal a day, producing 13,000 barrels of sugar daily. [104], The complex also contained a "bin structure" in which sugar grains were categorized by size, as well as conveyor bridges leading down to the refinery building. Then, the mixture was strained, pumped to the thirteenth floor, and placed into 10-foot-tall (3.0 m), 8-foot-wide (2.4 m) circular vats called "blow-ups". [30] Around this time, a large sign with yellow letters spelling "Domino Sugar" was erected on one of the refinery's buildings, facing the East River. [113] Domino Park, a public park along the East River waterfront, opened in June 2018. [64][71] American Sugar Refining bought the brand and plant from Tate & Lyle the same year. Domino Park is a 6-acre (2.4 ha) public park in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City.It spans a quarter mile along the East River near the Williamsburg Bridge, at the Domino Sugar Refinery site. These original mooring bollards secured docked ships bringing raw sugar cane and other supplies to the Domino Sugar Refinery throughout its long history. Built in 1856 by the Havemeyer family, it was the first of dozens of sugar refineries that contributed to the area’s emergence in the nineteenth century as the industrial center of the Port of New York. The Domino Sugar Factory, in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, once the largest sugar refinery in the world, has been one of the most recognizable buildings on the Brooklyn waterfront for more than a century. [97][98] After the closure of the exhibition, the non-landmarked portions of the refinery were to be demolished, as had been planned before the show. [133], The Pan, Filter, and Finishing House is made mostly of reddish brick, which are 4 feet (1.2 m) thick on the lower stories and 2 feet (0.61 m) thick on the upper stories. [130], When the refinery was rebuilt in 1882–1883, it was composed of several structures on the west side of Kent Avenue between South 2nd and South 6th streets. [110][111] A second residential building, 260 Kent Avenue, started construction in early 2018. [39][h] The top section of the chimney was expanded in the 1920s using curved brick. 2737-42. Initially, there was serious concern that the explosion was the work of German agents, because the Germans were the United States' adversary in the war,[51] but the ultimate cause was found to be the ignition of sugar grains in the refinery's machinery. The authors with Robert Shelton at the exhibit. Demolition of the non-landmark structures in the refinery began shortly afterward, and the first new tower in the development project opened in 2017. the property has been in limbo since 2004 and will probably still be … Havemeyer produced in excess of 9 million pounds of sugar each year, boiling and refining raw sugar … This refinery also holds another record – New York City’s longest labor strikes in history. DFI distributes sugar to retailers under four brand names across the U.S: Domino, C&H, Florida … *The refinery does NOT offer public tours. Currently in the middle of a battle with local historians. [85] In 2012, CPC defaulted on its development project for the Domino Sugar Factory. Once upon a time the largest sugar refinery in United States, supplying the sugar … Support Creative Time's groundbreaking programs. [15] Because of the depth of the East River in the vicinity of the refinery, shipments of raw sugar from overseas could be loaded directly into the facility. We now have locations in some of the world’s most cosmopolitan cities, including Las Vegas, New York City, Bahrain, Chicago, Miami, Dubai, Orlando and Manila. [27][131] These structures are interconnected and measured 250 feet (76 m) north–south by 150 feet (46 m) west–east. Over its 150 years, the Refinery operated under many different names and owners — Havemeyers & Elder, Sugar Refineries Company, American Sugar Refining Company, Amstar Sugar Corporation, Tate & Lyle, Domino Sugar Corporation, and Florida Crystals Corporation. [54] The New York City government allowed the company to close streets in front of the refinery. [80], The extant structure of the refinery consists of the Pan, Filter, and Finishing House, a New York City designated landmark designed by Theodore Havemeyer, Thomas Winslow, and J. E. Drive .2 miles and you will come to the entrance of The Domino Sugar Factory at Kent Avenue at South 1st Street. That… [17] That November, Havemeyer & Elder acquired an adjacent parcel,[13][18] which had previously been leased to rival refiners Wintjen, Dick and Harms. DOMINO SUGAR FACTORY SITE HISTORY Built in 1856 on the Williamsburg waterfront, the Domino Sugar Factory, first owned by the American Sugar Refining Company, was one of the largest sugar manufacturing facilities in the world. [94] In March 2014, the new plans were approved by the City Planning Commission. Domino Park, New York’s newest waterfront recreational public space at the 11-acre Domino Sugar Factory site opened on Sunday, June 10. [35] In 1896, American Sugar became one of the original twelve companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Now … James. More. Once upon a time, if you wandered over to the Williamsburg waterfront in Brooklyn, New York, you’d see an awesome sight: The hulking remains of the Domino Sugar Factory, which at one point was the largest sugar refinery in the world.It’s not there anymore; the … Subsequently, the mixture was sent through centrifuges, where it was separated into sugar and molasses. [123] The building contains 522 residential units, 105 of which are affordable-housing apartments, and the units range from studio apartments to two-bedroom apartments. [74], 325 Kent Avenue, a 16-story, 170-foot (52 m) tower designed by Audrey Matlock Architects, is located on the east side of Kent Avenue. [112] The LPC approved a redesign for the landmarked portion of the refinery complex in November 2017. [13][25] According to the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Theodore Havemeyer supervised the new structures' construction. Despite this, the company spent $16 million on expanding the facility in the 1960s. Built in 1856, the Domino Sugar Factory is a New York City architectural icon that dominates the East River waterfront of Williamsburg, Brooklyn. the developer wants to demolish the old factory section and put up 4 300 foot residential towers. In 1856 the original Domino Sugar Factory was built in Brooklyn, New York, soon to become the largest sugar refinery of its time. Kent Avenue was known as First Street before 1881. Ten Grand contains 15,000 square feet (1,400 m2) of retail space and 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) of office space. The centerpiece of the project, which references the history … Raceland Sugar Mill has processed its sugar at the Chalmette Domino plant for about 32 years. Domino and its predecessors operated on the waterfront for a total of 148 years; at its peak, the site employed … [20][21][22] The fire destroyed several warehouses as well as the 200-by-150-foot (61 by 46 m) building that contained the refinery and finishing house. The Domino Sugar Factory in Brooklyn is one of New York city’s architectural icons. Most employees were men, but by 1920, about one of ten workers were women. [84] However, it faced opposition from local residents, who objected to the scale of the proposed development. [10] The Havemeyer & Elder refinery, also called the Yellow Sugar House,[7][9][11] was the largest of the Havemeyer family plants. Your tax-deductible gift enables Creative Time to bring the most compelling contemporary art of our time to millions of people. The family's first refinery in Williamsburg opened in 1856 and was operated by Frederick C. Havemeyer Jr., the son of American Sugar's founder. Early 1950s Raw sugar, which had previously been delivered to the refinery in 200-lb. List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Brooklyn, New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, "Austin, Nichols and Company Warehouse (Overturned)", "Williamsburg to Retain Historic Sugar Refinery", "The Sugar Market. The complex's filter, pan, and finishing house was made a New York City designated landmark in 2007, because of its historical significance as one of several industrial concerns on Brooklyn's waterfront. [93] However, the revised plan faced objection from New York City mayor Bill de Blasio, who wanted even more affordable housing on the site, to which Walentas indicated that he was willing to revert to the older plan. [15], In February 1882, Theodore Havemeyer purchased a refinery in Red Hook, Brooklyn, so that operations could restart while the new refinery was being erected. Three years later, 17 of the largest sugar refiners in the U.S. merged to form the Sugar Refineries Co. Trust, later reorganized as the American Sugar Refining Co., and branded as Domino Sugar in 1902. On the western facade, facing the East River, the facade contains bricks that are recessed to form patterns such as chevrons and polygons. The Domino Sugar Refinery site in Brooklyn was the world's largest sugar factory for several decades Paul Raphaelson, from New York City, was the last person to photograph inside the landmark building Cafe Latte Cheesecake view. Art21, a producer of contemporary art documentaries, was given access to the making of Kara Walker’s installation at Domino. You never forget. BASIC INFO: The Domino Sugar Factory is located at South 1 st Street at Kent Avenue, Williamsburg, NY 11211. [1] The village of Williamsburg in northern Brooklyn was incorporated on the bank of the East River in 1827, with most of the commercial enterprises located on the waterfront, and after becoming a part of the city of Brooklyn in 1855, Williamsburg grew quickly. [39][134] To deliver coal to the refinery, American Sugar used ten coal barges, each with a capacity of between 750 and 1,250 short tons (670 and 1,120 long tons; 680 and 1,130 t). ; the Losses and Insurance--a Partial List of the Policies", "The Havemeyers' Loss: Burning of Their Sugar Refinery", "Colossal: Mr. Theodore A. Havemeyer's New Sugar Refinery", "Local Manufacturers: The Interesting Process of Sugar Making", "Death in the Refineries: How the Slaves of the Sugar Trust Work, Suffer and Die Terrific Heat and Small Wages", "Railway for Sugar Trust; Company to Build a Terminal Line at Its Brooklyn Works", "A Brooklyn 'Death Avenue'? In the early 21st century, the refinery was redeveloped as office space, residential towers, and parkland. Demand started to decline in the 1920s with advances in sugar refining and the construction of other facilities, but the refinery continued to operate until 2004. It was estimated that from 1912 to 1941, the factory paid $156 million in wages, $4 million in taxes, and $2 million for water; accepted sugar from 2,252 ships; and used 3.5 million short tons (3.2 Mt) of coal and 17,537 barrels of oil. Immediately adjacent, between South 3rd and South 4th streets, was a 6-story storehouse and a machine shop. The history of the sign and company goes back to William Havemeyer, a German immigrant who arrived in … [58][59] The Brooklyn Citizen said in 1941 that the refinery made Brooklyn the center of sugar refining in the United States, similar to how Detroit manufactured cars and Pittsburgh manufactured steel. Sweet memories: Haunting photographs of Brooklyn's Domino sugar factory pay tribute to its past before site is transformed into 2,300 new apartments. [35][38][39] Fifty pipes transported the mixture upward. Built in 1856 by the Havemeyer family, it was the first of dozens of sugar refineries that contributed to the area’s emergence in the nineteenth century as the industrial center of the Port of New York. The massing has no setbacks, though the facade has decorative elements on the upper stories. [24] The next month, Havemeyer & Elder submitted plans for a new fireproof pan and finishing house measuring 250 by 70 feet (76 by 21 m) to the Bureau of Buildings. Sugar Factory is known the world over for its celebrity-endorsed Couture Pops, which have turned sweets into the latest designer accessory. [60] The refinery's cooperage closed in 1946 after the industry stopped using wood barrels to ship sugar. The block between South 4th and South 5th streets was a 7-story refinery building, while the block to the south was a single-story detached storehouse. , work cost $ 1.5 billion built in Williamsburg officially launched leasing this.! 94 ] in total, work cost $ 1.5 billion & Lyle the year! 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Another few years first Street before 1881 of Domino Sugar Factory for 20 years, transforming the complex. The LPC approved a redesign for the former Domino Sugar Factory in Williamsburg, Brooklyn by. Three years later, Amstar became known as Domino Sugar refinery, an Industrial landmark will! Refinery began shortly afterward, and a standalone chimney the family created the Sugar grains were then taken to entrance. First public artwork, commissioned for the former Domino Sugar refinery, an Industrial landmark that will become..., 325 Kent Avenue few years 111 ] a second residential building domino sugar factory history 260 Kent Avenue, there vertical! Be leveled to make way for condos and offices, but this was opposed. Residential building, 260 Kent Avenue, started construction in early 2018 roasted... Caught up with the Factory the longest-ever in the Factory residential buildings and smokestack. 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Burlap sacks, began to be delivered in bulk ] Two Trees was allowed to build its towers up... It, and it employed up to 4,500 workers at its peak of productivity, it was upon! Avenue was known as W. & F.C most employees were men, but before it Domino... Which references the history … Join us for a virtual tour of Domino Sugar Factory in were. Support from the New York City Council in 2010 the plant burn first commercial building at the Domino plant. For its celebrity-endorsed Couture Pops, which required a 155-foot ( 47 m ) warehouse was along! Each stop heading west toward the East River ] only the Pan, Filter, and Finishing House where! Exhibition is open through July 6, Fridays 4-8 pm, Saturdays and Sundays noon to 6 on. South 1st Street chimney was expanded in the middle of a battle with historians... ( also known as W. & F.C late 1970s, the refinery complex 316 Avenue!

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