BRITISH ARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1875-1876 BY Ken Shute In 1875, the British launched an expedition to the Arctic region that lasted 18 months. One of four Nansen sleds supplied to the expedition by Skeemaster Ltd. of Great Yarmouth, United Kingdom. An ice-skating rink was made, firework displays were held, boxing matches put on, evening classes were run, and a newspaper was organised. 2012 – Felicity Aston becomes the first person to ski alone across Antarctica using only There was no hospital there; just a walk-in clinic. - 2BE0MC0 from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. There was one occasion where if he’d been on his own, I think he would have suffocated. In late August 1875 the two ships looked for suitable areas to winter, the Discovery wintered on Grant Land, north of the Kennedy Channel, whilst the Alert went a further 80km and wintered on the western coast of the Robeson Channel. Some mornings they had to beat their trousers with an axe to make them flexible at the knee. Nares, Capt.Sir G.S (1878) Narrative of a voyage to the polar sea during 1875-6 in H.M. Historical records suggest that humankind have explored the northern extremes since 325 BC, when the ancient Greek sailor Pytheas reached a frozen sea while attempting to find a source of the metal tin. And I’m not sure it’s caught up yet, but hopefully it’s steadily improving in this day and age. The British Arctic Expedition of 1875-1876, led by Sir George Strong Nares, was sent by the British Admiralty to attempt to reach the North Pole via Smith Sound.Two ships, HMS Alert and HMS Discovery (captained by Henry Frederick Stephenson), sailed from Portsmouth on 29 May 1875. BRITISH ARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1875-76 Two photographs, each with portraits of all of the crew members of the Discovery and the Alert identified by surname, albumen prints, mounted, four of the Alert's crew members are number 1 to 4 and are described thus in manuscript on the mount: "1,2,3 and 4 … Koerner handling his Greenland Komatik sled at the time of the expedition's rendezvous with HMS Endurance. Alert 3. Scott pyramid tents are still used in the Arctic and Antarctic for deep-field scientific operations. There would be three sledging phases and two periods of drift. Herbert received a knighthood 30 years later for his services in polar regions. Dates of Creation. What Koerner achieved was remarkable, and it was commendable too because he stuck at it all the way across. The expedition, the British Admiralty's last hurrah at Arctic exploration, left Portsmouth on 29th May 1875 with two ship, Discovery and Alert, and was waved off by 200,000 people. British Antarctic Survey trials new … The water froze to the fur of his parka on impact, securing the guard hairs on the arms to the ice. Someone suffered a bite from one of our sled dogs; and Allan Gill’s back was a major medical issue, of course. It’s what we’re here for. Dr Katrin Linse, and a team of 20 researchers, intend to collect samples from the seabed in the Iceland Basin to the Azores at depths between 4,000 and 5,000 metres. And so I suppose you’d have to categorise it as an adventure. A pyramid polar tent on the day of retrieval by two Whirlwind helicopters about 75 kilometres from HMS Endurance. —The result of Earth’s rotation on weather patterns, ocean currents and objects in motion). With them they had seal meat which is a good antisorsbic, once the men had eaten this they were able to continue onwards to Polaris Bay. Just over a month into the trek and a third of the party were ill, not with exhaustion but with scurvy. 11 November 2019 By Reginald Frontispiece Ltd on Wednesday, November 5th, 2008 at 4:05 pm and is filed under Arctic, British Arctic Expedition 1875-6. The British Arctic Expedition of 1875-1876, led by Sir George Strong Nares, was sent by the British Admiralty to attempt to reach the North Pole via Smith Sound. That’s the kind of insidious effect that hypothermia can have on a person. The Royal Geographical Society had requested — required, actually — that the proposed expedition have a trial run on Ellesmere Island in the Eastern Arctic the previous year to test equipment. Ships Alert and Discovery. … We were wearing these big heavy wolf-skin parkas and, in order to stop the air from pumping out from the bottom, we used the Inuit technique of tying ropes around our waists. The aim of this expedition led by Watkins was to investigate the possibility of an air route between Britain and Canada via the Arctic. In honour of the expedition’s anniversary, the former member of the British Special Air Service, Honourary Colonel for the Canadian Forces Health Services, Fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society and recipient of the Society’s prestigious Capt. You know, I was really committed to going once I had made that decision! Watch a documentary about the British Trans-Arctic Expedition, Accessibility Standard for Customer Service Plan. Two boats on sledges, plus three support sledges, went north led by Markham and Parr, and two sledges went to Grant Land led by Aldrich and Giffard. TORONTO – One of two British explorer ships that vanished in the Arctic nearly 170 years ago during an expedition to find the fabled Northwest Passage has … Aldrich’s sledging teams had a very similar experience with many of the party developing scurvy. Of the world’s five oceans, the Arctic Ocean had yet to be crossed. Two ships, HMS Alert and HMS Discovery—captained by Henry Frederick Stephenson—sailed from Portsmouth on … Sailing from Portsmouth on 29 May 1875 in two ships, HMS Alert (Captained by George Nares) and HMS Discovery (Captained by Henry Stephenson), with a combined crew of 120 men. The expedition, the British Admiralty's last hurrah at Arctic exploration, left Portsmouth on 29th May 1875 with two ship, Discovery and Alert, and was waved off by 200,000 people. BRITISH ARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1875-1876 W.T.Copeland & Sons (manufacturers). The teams found their clothes unsuitable for Arctic travel; their clothing absorbed their sweat which froze making the clothes stiff. A British Antarctic Survey (BAS) scientist departs Germany today (8 January 2021) onboard the research vessel SONNE to study the diversity of marine organisms in the Atlantic deep sea. The British Arctic Expedition, 1875-1876 (leader Sir George Strong Nares) was sent by the Admiralty for an attempt on the North Pole by Smith Sound and to explore the coasts of … Led by Gino Watkins, it aimed to improve maps and charts of poorly surveyed sections of Greenland's coastline, and to gather climate data from the coast and interior during the north polar winter. It had the goals of geographic exploration (centering on Greenland and Ellesmere Island), and scientific studies. All together, we were on that one ice floe for seven months. But Lead an Expedition British Exploring Society is seeking highly experienced and skilled individuals to partner with us and help us deliver exceptional expeditions. 1. The art collection includes artworks by Dr Edward Lawton Moss of the British Arctic Expedition, 1875-76. The British Arctic Expedition of 1875-1876, led by Sir George Strong Nares, was sent by the British Admiralty to attempt to reach the North Pole via Smith Sound.Two ships, HMS Alert and HMS Discovery (captained by Henry Frederick Stephenson), sailed from Portsmouth on 29 May 1875. on 29 May 1875. He was the scientific basis for the RGS to approve the expedition. He was just 14 when he joined the British Royal Navy and from there went on to become a decorated captain. Two weeks into the journey some of the Markham’s and Aldrich’s parties began to feel unwell, with what Markham assumed to be exhaustion. Sir John Franklin had seafaring in his bones. Scope and Content. Nostalgia The British Arctic Expedition of 1875 to 1876 Although a sledging party set a new record for the farthest north reached, the expedition was in grave danger of failure. Under the captaincy of George Strong Nares, the Dr. Ken Hedges served as medic on the expedition — along with members Sir Wally Herbert, Roy ‘Fritz’ Koerner and Allan Gill — which traversed the polar ice cap from Point Barrow, Alaska, to the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard via the geographic North Pole, becoming the first undisputed expedition to also reach the Geographic North Pole on foot. When they found the sea frozen they sledged across the ice, exploring an area unknown to the western world. We didn’t set out to study it, but we were a victim of it. The Arctic Expedition Salopette helps keep your legs moving when Mother Nature does everything to stop you. On the intersection of science and exploration. The “British Trans Arctic Expedition” covered an erratic route across 3,720 statute miles (5,987 kilometres) of sea ice from Alaska to Spitsbergen via the Geographic North Pole. So on short notice the expedition committee in London, which included members like John Hunt, the leader of the first ascent of Mount Everest, and Vivian Fuchs, the leader of the first crossing of the Antarctic continent, needed to find a fourth person for the crossing party. And then at the end of that, there would be a final sledging phase to get from our winter quarters to Svalbard, our desired goal. 1875-1876. Queen Victoria had sent a telegram wishing them success and safety as well as congratulating them on their bravery. However, the British expedition was not Pandora's last Arctic journey. I also dealt with snow blindness, as well as dental issues, which can be truly incapacitating. Using gunpowder he blew the ice apart creating a gap by which he could reach the open water. But I have been back. To lighten the load all nonessentials were abandoned including their tent. Not pictured: Sir Wally Herbert, expedition leader. Reprint: Read Books 2009. A group of Inuit with some crew members posing off the port bow of 'Discovery'. On May 29, 1969, after 476 days and 5,987 kilometres battling ice floes, disorienting weather, and injuries, the four members of the British Trans-Arctic Expedition and their pack of 40 sled-dogs completed the first surface crossing of the Arctic Ocean by its longest axis. I received a phone call one day from the general asking if I was interested in going on an expedition to the Arctic. He undertook a series of manual determinations of the depth of the ice the entire way across the ocean — over 250 manual drill samples through multi-year flows that were up to three metres thick. An expedition arranged by the Admiralty to try and reach the North Pole, with the hope of settling the debate as to whether there was an open polar sea situated there. This may have provided him sufficient anchorage to haul himself out of the water. The expedition was planned by Wally Herbert to have five phases. This increased the weight on the sledges being pulled, and made the following nights sleep even more uncomfortable. : 64-65). Each garment was created using six wolf pelts. The parkas worn by expedition members were manufactured by Martin Victor Furs Inc. of Fairbanks, Alaska, and donated by the Hudson’s Bay Company. British Arctic Expedition 1875-76 Browse all items (100 available) Gallery showing all items How to order copies of these images for: commercial use or private use. You are in: Resources > Expeditions > Arctic > British Arctic Air Route 1930 British Arctic Air Route 1930-31 Summary. Led by Vice-Admiral Sir George Nares, the British Arctic Expedition of 1875 aimed to be the first ever to reach the North Pole. I had to do a dental filling for Wally Herbert. How many people would have done that? Three sledges were sent back to rescue the party. I had to actually throw myself on top of him and yell at him to keep still while I undid the rope. British Arctic Expedition 1875-6 Summary An expedition arranged by the Admiralty to try and reach the North Pole, with the hope of settling the debate as to whether there was an open polar sea situated there. They dragged the sledges with the others strapped to them and three crawling behind, hampered by bad weather and difficult terrain. British Arctic Expedition, 1875-1876 Captain (Sir) George Strong Nares. The British Arctic Air Route Expedition (BAARE) was a privately funded expedition to the east coast and interior of the island of Greenland from 1930 to 1931. Markham’s party turned back but only four men were at full strength, they abandoned the second boat and one of the sledges. (Photo: Mick Rowsell), On the structure of the expedition that started in Alaska and ended in Svalbard. A drop seat function comes in handy in the cold. Hundreds of explorers tried to locate the Northwest Passage, the polar sea route that links the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. After a full day’s sledging, he’d start boring through these ice flows. Arctic could be free of sea ice by 2035, warns British Antarctic Survey. Discovery 2. But at the end of the summer, Allan Gill sustained an incapacitating back injury. I declined, but he told me to think about it. A selection of papers on arctic geography and ethnology : reprinted and presented to the Arctic Expedition of 1875, by the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society edited by Clements Robert Markham （Cambridge library collection, . (Photo: Mick Rowsell), Expedition leader, Wally Herbert. The British Arctic Expedition of 1875-1876, led by Sir George Strong Nares, was sent by the British Admiralty to attempt to reach the North Pole via Smith Sound. The proposed air route would cross the Arctic via the Faroes, Iceland, Greenland, Baffin Island and Hudson Bay before reaching Winnipeg. As far as I know, other than a few static expeditions, there was only one other Arctic expedition that ever planned to overwinter in the Arctic. Canadian Geographic is a magazine of The Royal Canadian Geographical Society. Many attempts ended badly. When the two vessels and 129 officers and men of the Franklin Expedition disappeared without trace in 1847 whilst searching for the north-west passage, official Arctic exploration was virtually shelved by the British government for twenty-five years. They also discovered that an open Polar sea did not exist and that the North Pole was covered by a frozen Arctic Ocean. This entry was posted BRITISH ARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1875-1876 Manuscript journal by an unidentified seaman on board Alert, 15 July 1875 - 31 July 1876, 12 leaves, 4to, on blue paper, stitched into a single gathering (incomplete, lacking continuation, p.1 discoloured, some wear to margins throughout, horizontal tears up to … Under the captaincy of George Strong Nares, the ships proceeded "up the west coast of Greenland via Smith Sound and the Kennedy Channel where it was believed that an open polar sea would allow a clear route to the Pole. Nares also restarted ‘The Royal Arctic Theatre’ in which the officers dressed up to entertain the crew. Sir John Franklin joined the British Royal Navy at 14 and went on to explore uncharted corners of the globe, but he's largely remembered for his failed Arctic expedition that ended in cannibalism. The RCGS acknowledges that its offices are located on the unceded territory of the Algonquin Peoples, who have been guardians of, and in relationship with, these lands for thousands of years. At the end of that obviously very trying experience (of which I had no knowledge at the time), one of the team members withdrew. They are of a standard pattern used by the British Antarctic Survey and are usually occupied by two people. British Arctic Expedition, 1875-1876 Captain (Sir) George Strong Nares. Its skilled science and support staff based in Cambridge, Antarctica and the Arctic, work together to deliver research that uses the Polar Regions to advance our understanding of Earth as a sustainable planet. british arctic expedition, 1875-76 Two photographs, each with portraits of all of the crew members of the Discovery and the Alert identified by surname, albumen prints, mounted, four of the Alert's crew members are number 1 to 4 and are described thus in manuscript on the mount: "1,2,3 and 4 are teetotallers. You have these ugly looking dental forceps to take people’s teeth out and you know how to use them. In total they explored 480 km of the coastlines of northern Ellesmere Island and northern Greenland, which until that point had not been explored by Europeans. British Arctic Expedition: | | ||| | HMS |Alert| in pack ice during the Arctic Expedition o... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. Developed and tested for expeditions where the right clothing means survival, it provides total wind, waterproof and breathable protection with 3-layer Dermizax™. On how he became part of the 1968-69 British Trans-Arctic Expedition while working for the British Army’s Special Air Service The Royal Geographical Society had requested — required, actually — that the proposed expedition have a trial run on Ellesmere Island in the Eastern Arctic the previous year to test equipment. There were high expectations as to what they might produce. A length of rope tied loosely at the waist ensured no warm air leakage, while ventilation was controlled at the neck. 7 journals, 2 sketchbooks, 2 notebooks, 1 log. British Arctic Expedition of 1875-1876. At one time I was medical director for Shell Canada, and in that capacity I went up to Tuktoyaktuk, N.W.T. We had to retreat back to that same ice floe and spend the next five months on it through the Arctic winter. We also studied the Coriolis effect by accident (Ed. BRITISH ARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1875-1876 'Hauling a sledge to the Cape Rawson Depot'. [1] (Photo: Mick Rowsell), Hedges rescues Uncle Wal from the edge of an ice floe. I remember the RGS asserting that for them to endorse such an idea in that day and age, there had to be a legitimate element of scientific purpose to the expedition. When they found the sea frozen they sledged across the ice, exploring an area unknown to the western world. It was led by George Strong Nares (1831-1915) and was sent by the British Admiralty to attempt to reach the North Pole. They approached the British Ministry of Defence, where I was a medical officer with the Special Air Service. environments on earth. The expedition may have been unsuccessful in its attempt to reach the Pole but they did reach the furthest north for the time, making many geographical discoveries and returning with a large quantity of scientific data. Both comments and pings are currently closed. They found the trips very hard going, each man was hauling a load of over 100 kilos, over hummocky ice and waist-deep snow. British Arctic Expedition 1875-76. On the 1 September 1875 Nares reached a farthest north by ship of 82°24’N, and within 15 days he had reached 82°27’N, here the freeze started and he moved into a bay safe enough to winter in. You have quite a few fillings in your rear teeth, if you were to lose one in the extreme cold and develop a dental abscess, life would be pretty darn miserable for you, or even short.” So their advice was to have all my rear teeth removed as a precaution. If he was alone in the tent, the outcome could have easily been bad. I had an interview with Wally Herbert, the expedition leader, at a pub in London. On his way he met a rescue team driven by dogs, they had been sent out to look for him and took him back to his stricken men. He couldn’t get in or out of it at that point. The expedition, aboard 'Discovery' and 'Alert' succeeded in making The McClure Arctic Expedition of 1850, among numerous British search efforts to determine the fate of the Franklin's lost expedition, is distinguished as the voyage Full text of "The expeditions of John. That piqued my interest, so I called the general back and I told him I’d be honoured to take part. On his return Nares received a mixture of congratulation and criticism for his expedition. But I was shortlisted in any case and called back for an interview at the Royal Geographical Society. I’d had all my back teeth removed before the expedition on the advice of the consultant in dentistry to the Royal Army medical corps. Since the discovery of vitamin C we now know that the distilled lime juice taken on the expedition had a very low vitamin C content as the process of distillation in large copper pans destroys vitamin C. Had fresh limes or lemons been taken instead then scurvy may have been abated, but Nares and his contemporaries could not have known this. Britain viewed this as the country’s triumphant return to exploration after the disasters of the Franklin expedition. At the time, bearing in mind my ignorance about such things, it conjured up the idea of sitting in a hut analyzing urine samples — I thought it would be really boring. During the winter months Nares kept his men busy to prevent monotony setting in. Media in category "British Arctic Expedition 1875" The following 20 files are in this category, out of 20 total. 1875–1876: British Arctic Expedition led by Captain George Nares 1876–1878 : Norwegian Northern Seas expedition in Vøringen explored the Northern Atlantic up to 80°N 1877–1878 : Henry W. Howgate leads the Howgate Preliminary Polar Expedition to promote scientific experiments, and whaling as a source of revenue It was certainly the first such study of its kind on the continent. They are a coastal people, whereas our expedition was to venture so that we couldn’t ever see land. The British Arctic Expedition of 1875-1876, led by Sir George Strong Nares, was sent by the British Admiralty to attempt to reach the North Pole via Smith Sound. So Fritz had this rope around his hips, and he came into the tent and tried to pull this huge heavy parka over his head. (Their line of advance was shaped by the So routinely, we were being knocked off course to the right in a sort of clockwise direction. (Photo: Mick Rowsell), On how he became part of the 1968-69 British Trans-Arctic Expedition while working for the British Army’s Special Air Service. On May 29, 1969, after 476 days and 5,987 kilometres battling ice floes, disorienting weather, and injuries, the four members of the British Trans-Arctic Expedition and their pack of 40 sled-dogs completed the first surface crossing of the Arctic Ocean by its longest axis. In the Age of Sail, there was no Panama Canal.Desperate to find a shortcut to China and India, European trade interests set their eyes on the Arctic. Desperate to find a shortcut to China and India, European trade interests set their eyes on the Arctic. The other area where we really need to improve communication is between science and the Indigenous communities of the north, because of their invaluable local knowledge. Later in the season Beaumont and three sledges were sent to explore Greenland, making a total of three exploration groups. They were rescued by a search party in June, without the rescue party they would have never have made it back, as the ice was already beginning to melt and illness was reducing their hauling speed. REPORT OF THE ARCTIC COMMITTEE OF THE ADMIRALTY by British Arctic Expedition]: [Nares, George Strong] and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.co.uk. The British Arctic Expedition 1875-1876, led by Sir George Strong Nares, was arranged by the Admiralty in an attempt to reach the North Pole by Smith Sound and to explore the coasts of Greenland and adjacent lands. One of those began on May 19, 1845, when Sir John Franklin of the British Royal Navy set out to find and cross the passage. 2011–2012 – British Services Antarctic Expedition 2012 2011–2012 – Expedition by Ramon Hernando de Larramendi, by Inuit WindSled. Beaumont’s team were also developing scurvy, out of seven men only two were still fit. Abstract of Tidal Observations 4. GB 15 George Egerton/British Arctic Expedition Dates of Creation 1875-1876 Name of Creator George Le Clerk Egerton Physical Description 7 journals, 2 sketchbooks, 2 … This expedition will be the first “Joint” expedition mounted to the ‘mainland’ of the Antarctic Peninsula by the British Armed Services. (Photo: Mick Rowsell), Canadian Geographic student geography challenge, Help designate an official bird for Canada, Grade 8 students exploring Parks Canada sites, Compare countries' statistics and explore our changing world, Innovative projects in the developing world, The revolution of mapping in the First World War, Canadian pilots heroically earn their wings, Canadian Geographic magazine in french: Géographica. Click here to learn more. Sledging began in spring 1876, with the first party leaving the Alert to make contact with the Discovery 80km away. 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