Poverty drove many farm laborers into the cities: between 1865 and 1875 Santiago's population increased from 115, 000 to more than 150, 000. I want emails from Lonely Planet with travel and product information, promotions, advertisements, third-party offers, and surveys. Soaring office towers, bustling cafés and thousands of city workers make up most of the scenery in what is in fact, a stately and formal city centre that was built to impose, not to please. The city would be slowly rebuilt, giving prominence to the newly founded Concepción, where the Royal Audiencia of Chile was then founded in 1565. The Great Depression caused the collapse of the nitrate industry in the north, leaving 60,000 unemployed, which added to the decline in agricultural exports, resulting in a total number for the unemployed to be about 300,000 nationwide. The original building was built between 1784 and 1805, and architect Joaquín Toesca was in charge of its construction. Santiago is part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities[77] from 12 October 1982 establishing brotherly relations with the following cities: Chemamull statues at Precolumbian Art Museum of Santiago, This article is about the capital of Chile. Parque Padre Hurtado (a.k.a. Santiago Historical & Heritage Tours. The name of "Santiago" originates in the name chosen by the Spanish conqueror, Pedro de Valdivia, when founded the city in 1541. [47] Some international institutions, such as ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean), have their offices in Santiago. The city became the main hub of the national railway system. The period between 2000 and 2017 has been registered 9 snowfalls and only two have been measured in the central sector (2007 and 2017). Santiago was later rebuilt to the original plans. On the other hand, the opera and ballet performances are permanently accepted by the Municipal Theatre of Santiago, located in the heart of the city and which has a capacity of 1500 spectators. The Costanera Center has stores like Armani Exchange, Banana Republic, Façonnable, Hugo Boss, Swarovski, and Zara. Located right at the main square of the city, right next to main tourism office. Reconstructing history is undoubtedly a difficult thing to do. The Bellavista, Brasil, Manuel Montt, Plaza Ñuñoa and Suecia account for most of the nightclubs, restaurants and bars in the city, the main evening entertainment centers in the capital. Although most of the communities continued to grow, it is mainly concentrated in outlying communities such as Canyon to the west, Conchalí northern and La Cisterna and La Granja to the south. The Chilean capital today is a vast urban sprawl with sharp contrasts between the 'haves' in the affluent eastern suburbs of Las Condes, Vitacura and La Reina, and the 'have-nots' in the poor suburbs of the south such as La Pintana. However, the shrine would not be completed until some decades later. There are 18 cinemas in the capital with a total of 144 rooms and over 32,000 seats, the projection centers than 5 arthouse add. Santiago is an economically divided city (Gini coefficient of 0.47). These were dark days for the city. [43] (percentage of total population, 2007)[44]. Landslides of the debris flow type in particular are a significant hazard. A great part of the history of Chile has been written at the Plaza de Armas (Main Square) and its surrounding buildings. The roots of the University date back to the year 1622, as on 19 August the first university in Chile under the name of Santo Tomás de Aquino was founded. Valdivia honored James the Great, the patron saint of Spain. During winter months, thermal inversion (a meteorological phenomenon whereby a stable layer of warm air holds down colder air close to the ground) causes high levels of smog and air pollution to be trapped and concentrated within the Central Valley. Santiago is also served by Eulogio Sánchez Airport (ICAO: SCTB), a small, privately owned general aviation airport in the commune of La Reina. Other major roads include the Avenida Los Pajaritos to the west and Providencia Avenue and Apoquindo Avenue to the east. The city is home to numerous universities, colleges, research institutions, and libraries. Until on May 5, 1994, by virtue of RA 7720, the Municiplity was converted into an independent component Santiago CIty. The club was founded on 24 May 1927, under the name Club Deportivo Universitario as a union of Club Náutico and Federación Universitaria. In 1767, the corregidor Luis Manuel de Zañartu, launched one of the most important architectural works of the entire colonial period, Calicanto Bridge, effectively connecting the city to La Chimba on the north side of the river, and began the construction of embankments to prevent overflows of the Mapocho River. The Metro was expanded considerably, lines were extended and three new lines were built between 1997 and 2006 in the southeastern sector. In addition to construction of important buildings, the city began to develop as nearby lands welcomed tens of thousands of livestock. They harvested corn , potatoes and beans and domesticated animals. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (2004), Boletín de Políticas Públicas: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Santiago Estación Central railway station, Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Directorate of Libraries, Archives and Museums, Faculty of Arts of the University of Chile, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Chile, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, Universidad de Ciencias de la Informática, Universidad de Artes, Ciencias y Comunicación, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, List of twin towns and sister cities in Chile, "Santiago confirmed as host of 2023 Pan American Games", "Past, present, and future images of a "green space" in the metropolitan area of Santiago", "Argentina and Chile Central, Ultra-Prominences", "Impacto en la variabilidad de la línea de nieve en crecidas invernales en cuencas pluvio-nivales de Chile central", "40 grados y contando: La histórica ola de calor que batió récord en la zona central", "Temperatura Mensual Histórica de la Estación", "Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos", "CLIMAT summary for 85406: Pudahuel (Chile) – Section 2: Monthly Normals", "CLIMAT summary for 85577: Santiago Q. 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