[156][157] The intranasal use of zinc-containing nasal sprays has been associated with the loss of the sense of smell;[156] consequently, in June 2009, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) warned consumers to stop using intranasal zinc. Zinc is the first element of the twelfth column of the periodic table. By stacking these units in series, the Voltaic pile (or "battery") as a whole had a higher voltage, which could be used more easily than single cells. [78] Postlewayt's Universal Dictionary, a contemporary source giving technological information in Europe, did not mention zinc before 1751 but the element was studied before then. Zinc alloys readily with other metals and is chemically active. Zinc levels of 2000 ppm to 180,000 ppm (18%) have been recorded in some soil samples. A base metal, zinc is primarily used to galvanize steel, a process that protects the metal against ⦠Zinc. This helps to create a hydrophobic pocket on the enzyme near the zinc, which attracts the non-polar part of the protein being digested. [176] Because transferrin also transports iron, excessive iron reduces zinc absorption, and vice versa. [53], Various isolated examples of the use of impure zinc in ancient times have been discovered. Electric current will naturally flow between zinc and steel but in some circumstances inert anodes are used with an external DC source. [61], The Berne zinc tablet is a votive plaque dating to Roman Gaul made of an alloy that is mostly zinc. In 2009 in the United States, 55% or 893,000 tons of the zinc metal was used for galvanization. 4 g of K3Co(CN)6 and 1 g of KClO3 is dissolved on 100 ml of water. [66], Zinc was distinctly recognized as a metal under the designation of Yasada or Jasada in the medical Lexicon ascribed to the Hindu king Madanapala (of Taka dynasty) and written about the year 1374. [133], Zinc powder is sometimes used as a propellant in model rockets. Zinc Foam is a lightweight, permeable and low-density format of the material. Zinc oxide is widely used as a white pigment in paints and as a catalyst in the manufacture of rubber to disperse heat. These forms are better absorbed than zinc oxide. RDA for pregnancy is 11 mg/day. [199] Zinc in excess of 500 ppm in soil interferes with the plant absorption of other essential metals, such as iron and manganese. It is hard and brittle at standard temperature. This exposure to hydrogen makes the metal brittle and fracture; a disaster for high strength steel and other construction metals. [99][170], In proteins, zinc ions are often coordinated to the amino acid side chains of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, cysteine and histidine. Contents CharacteristicsEdit Physical propertiesEdit Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. Hydrated iron oxides are brittle and flake away easily, thus exposing more of the underlying metal to the atmosphere for further corrosion. A review from 2015 indicated that about 10% of human proteins (~3000) bind zinc,[181] in addition to hundreds more that transport and traffic zinc; a similar in silico study in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana found 2367 zinc-related proteins. At least 15 clinical trials have shown that zinc improved weight gain in anorexia. [100] A condition called the zinc shakes or "zinc chills" can be induced by inhalation of zinc fumes while brazing or welding galvanized materials. [136], 65Zn is used as a tracer to study how alloys that contain zinc wear out, or the path and the role of zinc in organisms. In the case of zinc the adult UL is 40 mg/day (lower for children). Zinc, sometimes called spelter, is a chemical element.It is a transition metal, a group of metals.It is sometimes considered a post-transition metal.Its symbol on the periodic table is "Zn".Zinc is the 30th element on the periodic table, and has an atomic number of 30. [107] This protection lasts even after the zinc layer is scratched but degrades through time as the zinc corrodes away. [5] Ornaments made of alloys containing 80–90% zinc, with lead, iron, antimony, and other metals making up the remainder, have been found that are 2,500 years old. Excess zinc is toxic to plants, although zinc toxicity is far less widespread. [100], Major applications of zinc include (numbers are given for the US)[104], Zinc is most commonly used as an anti-corrosion agent,[105] and galvanization (coating of iron or steel) is the most familiar form. Generally speaking, the harder a metal is, the more brittle it is. Zinc is a blue silvery metal that is a bit brittle at room temperature. Zinc has a mass number of 65.38. [166], Topical zinc has also been shown to effectively treat, as well as prolong remission in genital herpes. Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. [224], Zinc deficiency appears to be the most common micronutrient deficiency in crop plants; it is particularly common in high-pH soils. The zinc acts [â¦] Diethylzinc ((C2H5)2Zn) is a reagent in synthetic chemistry. It is usually a grey metallic colour, but one of its recognisable properties is that it can be polished to a shiny Silver luster. [167], Zinc is an essential trace element for humans[168][169][170] and other animals,[171] for plants[99] and for microorganisms. [189] Without this enzyme, this conversion would occur about one million times slower[190] at the normal blood pH of 7 or would require a pH of 10 or more. Freshly cast zinc has a bluish silver surface but slowly oxidizes in air to form a grayish protective oxide film. [169], Zinc is an efficient Lewis acid, making it a useful catalytic agent in hydroxylation and other enzymatic reactions. [193], Zinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. Zinc is a brittle metal and has a relatively low melting point of 419 °C (787 °F), resists corrosion, is ductile and malleable, and is highly soluble in copper. Its relatively low cost makes the zinc plating process the top choice for companies looking for affordable corrosion protection. After increasing 10-fold from 1850, zinc emissions peaked at 3.4 million tonnes per year in the 1980s and declined to 2.7 million tonnes in the 1990s, although a 2005 study of the Arctic troposphere found that the concentrations there did not reflect the decline. De-embrittlement is the process of hardening metal, specifically hydrogen-susceptible metals that have been unintentionally introduced to hydrogen. The boiling and melting points of zinc are lower as compared to other members of the d-block elements and are 907°C and 419.5°C, respectively. Zinc is a fairly reactive metal that will combine with oxygen and other non-metals. [213] This review cited studies that found lower plasma zinc concentrations in the subjects who consumed zinc oxide and zinc carbonate than in those who took zinc acetate and sulfate salts. It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table. [234] Several other cases have been reported of humans suffering zinc intoxication by the ingestion of zinc coins. Itâs chemical element symbol is Zn and atomic number 30. The metal is hard and brittle at most temperatures but becomes malleable between 100 and 150 °C. [100] Effective sewage treatment greatly reduces this; treatment along the Rhine, for example, has decreased zinc levels to 50 ppb. Zinc is the 24th most abundant metal on the surface of Earth and exists in the form of five possible stable isotopes. Zinc has never been found naturally in its pure form. [107], Other widely used zinc alloys include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. [213] For fortification, however, a 2003 review recommended cereals (containing zinc oxide) as a cheap, stable source that is as easily absorbed as the more expensive forms. [93], Roasting converts the zinc sulfide concentrate to zinc oxide:[92], The sulfur dioxide is used for the production of sulfuric acid, which is necessary for the leaching process. [232], Recent research suggests that the topical antimicrobial zinc pyrithione is a potent heat shock response inducer that may impair genomic integrity with induction of PARP-dependent energy crisis in cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes. [211] Zinc is also found in beans, nuts, almonds, whole grains, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, and blackcurrant. Zinc Foam has robust casting capabilities and was originally developed with aeronautical ⦠Zinc protects steel and iron from rusting as long as contact is maintained because zinc is ⦠", "NHANES 2001–2002: Usual Nutrient Intakes from Food Compared to Dietary Reference Intakes", "Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: Vegetarian diets", "Biomarkers of trace mineral intake and status", "Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation", "Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition, International Fertilizer Industry Association, and International Zinc Association", "Zinc Hazard to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review", "Lawsuits blame denture adhesives for neurological damage", "FDA says Zicam nasal products harm sense of smell", "The topical antimicrobial zinc pyrithione is a heat shock response inducer that causes DNA damage and PARP-dependent energy crisis in human skin cells", Statistics and Information from the U.S. Geological Survey, Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators, Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zinc&oldid=999340885, Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles containing Persian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, On the downside, organozincs are much less nucleophilic than Grignards, and they are expensive and difficult to handle. [57] They made brass by heating powdered calamine (zinc silicate or carbonate), charcoal and copper together in a crucible. For children ages 1–13 years the RDA increases with age from 3 to 8 mg/day. [153] Gastroenteritis is strongly attenuated by ingestion of zinc, possibly by direct antimicrobial action of the ions in the gastrointestinal tract, or by the absorption of the zinc and re-release from immune cells (all granulocytes secrete zinc), or both. Zinc die castings can be easily chrome plated for durability and appearance. [169][184] L- and D-histidine facilitate brain zinc uptake. ARSENIC Arsenic is a steel grey, brittle metallic element that is found naturally in rocks and soil. Many objects made of iron, which shall be weatherproof, are zinc-plated. Which of the following is a chemical property of zinc? Zinc is a metallic chemical element commonly found in the earth's crust. Therefore zinc metal is used a lot as corrosion prevention. However, it becomes malleable in between 100 and 150 °C. It is the first element in group 12 on the periodic table. Zinc plating (also known as electro-galvanising) is a process where zinc is applied by using a current of electricity. One drop of the sample is dropped onto the dry paper and heated. [68] In his 1746 experiment, Marggraf heated a mixture of calamine and charcoal in a closed vessel without copper to obtain a metal. Zinc is also essential for the metabolism of all living organisms. [98] The dumps of the past mining operations leach zinc and cadmium, and the sediments of the Geul River contain non-trivial amounts of metals. The metal is brittle and less dense than iron but becomes malleable at a temperature between 100 and 150 o C. Zincâs melting point is only 419.5 o C and its boiling point is 907 o C. As a good conductor of electricity, zinc has a vast array of uses in many different industries, including electronics. 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